• Czech: plán
• Dutch: ontwerp, plan
• Finnish: pohjakaava, pohjapiirros
• French: plan
• German: Plan
• Portuguese: planta
• Swedish plan

• Dutch: ontwerpen
• Finnish: suunnitella
• German: anlegen, planen
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (schediázo)
• Japanese: 設計する (せっけいする, sekkeisuru)
• Polish: projektować
• Portuguese: planejar
• Swedish: projektera

• Arabic:
• Chinese: 计划 (jìhuà)
• Czech: plánovat
• Dutch: ontwerpen, plannen
• Finnish: suunnitella
• French: projeter
• German: planen
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (schediázo)
• Hungarian: tervezni
• Italian: progettare
• Japanese: 計画する (けいかくする, keikaku suru)
• Korean: 계획하다 (gyehoekhada)
• Polish: planować
• Portuguese: planejar
• Russian: планировать (planírovat’)
• Spanish: planear
• Swedish: planera

• ttbc Ido projetar
• ttbc Swahili kupanga (1,2,3)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• /plɑn/

Noun

1. A set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
2. A technical drawing.
3. A detailed map.

Derived terms

• stadsplan
• van plan zijn

Verb

plan

1. fpimp plannen

French

Pronunciation

• /plɑ̃/
• /plA~/

Noun

plan

1. plan

Adjective

plan

1. planar

German

Adjective

plan

1. planar

defn Romanian

Spanish

Etymology

From planus

Noun

plan

1. Plan.
2. Intention.
3. Mood.
   • Vamos en plan rómantico.
     • We’re going in a romantic mood.

Related terms

• plana , plano

See also

• llano

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

plan

1. Flat; horizontal (of a surface).

Noun

plan

1. Plane; flat surface.
2. Plane; level of existence.
   • astralplan
     • astral plane
3. Aeroplane.

See also

• sluttande plan
• lutande plan

Synonyms

• (aeroplane) flygplan

Noun

plan

1. A drawing showing how to construct a building, machine, etc.
2. A set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

Derived terms

• planera
• planering
• planlägga
• stadsplan

Informal or ad-hoc plans are created by individuals in all of their pursuits. Structured and formal plans, used by multiple people, are more likely to occur in projects, diplomacy, careers, economic development, military campaigns, combat, or in the conduct of other business.

It is common for less formal plans to be created as abstract ideas, and remain in that form as they are maintained and put to use. More formal plans as used for business and military purposes, while initially created with and as an abstract thought, are likely to be written down, drawn up or otherwise stored in a form that is accessible to multiple people across time and space. This allows more reliable collaboration in the execution of the plan.

Planning

To organize a series of actions to achieve a specified outcome.

The term planning implies the working out of sub-components in some degree of detail. Broader-brush enunciations of objectives may qualify as metaphorical roadmaps.

Planning literally just means the creation of a plan; it can be as simple as making a list. It has acquired a technical meaning, however, to cover the area of government legislation and regulations related to the use of resources.

Planning can refer to the planned use of any and all resources, as in the succession of Five-Year Plans through which the government of the Soviet Union sought to develop the country. However, the term is most frequently used in relation to planning for the use of land and related resources, for example in urban planning, transportation planning, and so forth.

Thus, in a governmental context, "planning" without any qualification is most likely to mean the regulation of land use. See also zoning.

Quotation

Plans are of little importance, but planning is essential -- Winston Churchill

Plans are nothing; planning is everything.-- Dwight D. Eisenhower

No battleplan survives contact with the enemy. -- Helmuth von Moltke the Elder

Methodology

The discipline of planning has occupied great minds and theoreticians. Concepts such as top-down planning (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similarities with the systems thinking behind the Top-Down Model.

The subject touches such broad fields as psychology, game theory, communications and information theory, which inform the planning methods that people seek to use and refine; as well as logic and science (ie methodological naturalism) which serve as a means of testing different parts of a plan for reliability or consistency.

The specific methods used to create and refine plans depends on who is to make it, who is to put it to use, and what resources are available for the task. The methods used by an individual in their mind or personal organiser, may be very different from the collection of planning techniques found in a corporate board-room, and the planning done by a project manager has different priorities and uses different tools to the planning done by an engineer or industrial designer.

Types of plan

The most popular ways to describe plans are by their breadth, time frame, and specificity. however, these planning classifications are not independent of one another. for instance, there is a close relationship between the shor-and long-term categories and tha strategic and oerational categories.

strategic versus operational plans Plans that apply to the entire orgainzation, that establish the organization's overall objectives, and that seek to

Examples of plans

• The Schlieffen Plan
• The Five-Year Plan system in the former Soviet Union
• The Marshall Plan
• Plan de Ayala
• Plan de Casa Mata
• Plan de Córdoba
• Plan de Iguala
• Plan de San Luis Potosí
• U.S. plan to invade Iraq
• marketing plan
• business plan
• battle plan
• site planning

See also

• critical path method
• PERT
• planned unit development
• practice
• roadmap
• strategy
• tactics
• automated planning

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